International treaties and European directives are strengthening their prescriptions to limit anthropogenic generated air pollutants, but a significant global agreement on CO2 emission reduction is currently far from being set and accepted by the main contributors to climate change. Nevertheless, from an energy security point of view, it is of the utmost importance to build a national alternative capacity to function and operate in scarcity of fossil resources supplies, given that oil extraction and transportation costs are becoming increasingly high. Domestic solutions to this gap include the production of bio-fuels compatible with existing equipments, avoiding expensive transformation activities. The Italian Defense and in particular the Navy, as a State Organization, coherently chose to cope with the most stringent ecological rules and is involved, at present, in financing a project for certification of bio-fuel use on board. The product is intended to be compatible with NATO F76 Naval fuel while the objective, in the long term, is to develop a single fuel for all the Armed Forces, complying also with F44 Air fuel and F54 Army Fuel.